Vertebrates. Animal Kingdom. Wildlife. Fauna. Zoology.

Vertebrate animals are the most evolved in the Animal Kingdom.

They have an internal skeleton with a backbone, or dorsal cord, the main characteristic of these animals, which serves as a support for the body and protects the nervous system.

This skeleton can be bony or cartilaginous.

General Characters

They are classified in the Type of the Cordados and there are more than 40,000 species in the world.
They are adapted to all environments and environments and move both on land, in the sea, and in the air, with great differences between them.

The nervous system

The nervous system is very evolved.
 It consists of: brain, which includes the brain, cerebellum and spinal bulb;
 marrow from which the spinal nerves come out in pairs, with two branches, one sensitive and the other motor.
 Vertebrates possess the cerebrospinal and sympathetic nervous system.

Blood circulation

The circulation is closed. and blood and lymph circulates through venous and arterial vessels.
 It can be simple (in fish) or double, and complete or incomplete depending on whether or not arterial and venous blood is mixed.
The blood is red because of the hemoglobin in red blood cells or red blood cells.

COLD BLOOD
Animals that do not have constant temperature regulating mechanisms are called cold blood. Therefore, these animals have a variable temperature and generally adopt that of the environment.

HOT BLOOD
Warm-blooded animals are those that have mechanisms that regulate their body temperature and keep it constant, regardless of the environment around them.

Reproduction of vertebrates

Reproduction in vertebrates is sexual with separate sexes, except for some fish.
 The male has sperm-producing testicles and the female has ovum-producing ovaries. The fertilization can be external or internal in which case the male has a copulatory organ.
 Vertebrates can be oviparous (reproduction through eggs) such as fish, amphibians, some reptiles and birds, ovoviviparous, like some reptiles, or viviparous, when the young are born alive as in mammals.

There is an embryonic resemblance between development in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Breathing

Breathing can be gill in the aquatic or pulmonary in the terrestrial.
 In amphibians it is also done through the skin.

The Skin

The skin, or tegument, is formed by two layers: external epidermis and internal dermis, which can contain glands, such as sweat, odorous, poisonous or pigmentary sebaceous.
 It can be protected by hairs, feathers scales, nail plates, hooves, horns, thorns, etc.

CLASSIFICATION of Vertebrates

CYCLOSTOMES	COLD BLOOD	Gills	Simple and complete
FISHES	COLD BLOOD	Gills	Simple and complete
Amphibians	COLD BLOOD	Gills and Lungs	Double and incomplete
REPTILES	COLD BLOOD	Lungs	Double and incomplete
BIRDS	HOT BLOOD	Lungs	Double and incomplete
MAMMALS	HOT BLOOD	Lungs	Double and complete

EVOLUTION OF THE VERTEBRATES

Over 500 million years ago, animals with dorsal cord appeared, the primitive chordates that developed an internal skeleton to become in vertebrate primitives.

From the first placoderm fish, vertebrates evolved in various branches that have given rise to current vertebrates.



Other information about fauna in Aragón:

A small list of species in Aragon would be the following:

Vertebrates	Invertebrates
Mammals Red squirrel. Bear. Fox. Artiodactyl Ungulates Deer. Wild pig. Birds Classification of Birds Storks. Capercaillies. Reptiles Amphibians Urodelos.    Marbled Triton.    Webbed Triton.    Pyrenean triton. Anurans. Fishes	Metazoans Arthropods Myriapods Insects Arachnids Spiders Crustaceans Annelids Worm Molluscs Asquelmintos Platelmintos Celentereos Porifera Protozoa
images about the fauna in Aragon.    photographs on invertebrates.    beneficial animals for agriculture.